Human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1) is one of several coronaviruses known to infect humans, typically causing mild to moderate respiratory illnesses akin to the common cold. First identified in Hong Kong in 2005, HCoV-HKU1 is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that enters host cells by binding to the N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid receptor.
Recently, a 49-year-old woman in Kolkata, West Bengal, was diagnosed with HCoV-HKU1 after experiencing a persistent fever, cough, and cold for 15 days. She had no travel history in the preceding 30 days and is currently stable, receiving treatment at a private hospital.
HCoV-HKU1 is associated with both upper and lower respiratory tract infections that are mostly self-limiting. Symptoms can include fever, cough, nasal congestion, and shortness of breath. Severe cases, though rare, may lead to pneumonia, especially in infants, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems.
Transmission of HCoV-HKU1 occurs through respiratory droplets, direct contact with infected individuals, or contact with contaminated surfaces. Preventive measures include regular handwashing, wearing masks, and maintaining physical distance, similar to precautions for other respiratory viruses.
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Currently, there is no specific treatment or vaccine for HCoV-HKU1 infections. Management focuses on relieving symptoms, such as using antipyretics for fever and maintaining hydration. Most individuals recover without complications, but those with severe symptoms should seek medical attention promptly.
Health experts emphasize that HCoV-HKU1 is not a new virus and has been circulating globally for over two decades. It is unlikely to cause widespread outbreaks, and the recent case in Kolkata does not warrant panic. However, it serves as a reminder to continue practicing good hygiene and remain vigilant against respiratory infections.
